What do toddlers REALLY know?

Summary

Understanding of fundamental mathematical concepts begins to emerge between the ages of 2 and 5 years, but the period of development between 2 to 3 years has been described as the “black box” of development- as we know so little about it!

Despite the importance of this period for establishing the basic skills on which later mathematical achievement is built, most research to date has focused on mathematical skills in either infants or older children, leaving the early preschool years relatively underexplored (1).

A crucial component of early mathematical development, and building block for later mathematical learning, is knowledge of the symbolic number system (2,3,4). This research project will focus on developing and piloting novel game-like tasks for two-to-three year-olds to sensitively assess their numerical skills.

Then the project will involve assessing a large sample of two-to-three year-olds using the novel games and following some children over time to begin to understand this exciting stage of development.

Objectives of the research

The objectives are:

1. To develop and pilot novel game-based tasks for two-to-three year-olds to gain insight into their mathematical understanding.
2. To analyse individual differences in two-to-three year-olds mathematical understanding.
3. To track 2-3 year-olds over time to understand their development.

Methods to be used

This project will be experimental in design. This project will require the student to carry out one-to-one assessments of children. The student will learn how to assess young children using experimental and standardised measures. The project will take an open research approach to studying child development.

Please note: Applicants with a 2:1 degree in Psychology (or close to completion) are strongly encouraged to apply.

AccessNI clearance required

Please note, the successful candidate will be required to obtain AccessNI clearance prior to registration due to the nature of the project.

Essential criteria

Applicants should hold, or expect to obtain, a First or Upper Second Class Honours Degree in a subject relevant to the proposed area of study.

We may also consider applications from those who hold equivalent qualifications, for example, a Lower Second Class Honours Degree plus a Master’s Degree with Distinction.

In exceptional circumstances, the University may consider a portfolio of evidence from applicants who have appropriate professional experience which is equivalent to the learning outcomes of an Honours degree in lieu of academic qualifications.

• Experience using research methods or other approaches relevant to the subject domain
• A comprehensive and articulate personal statement demonstrating interest in the subject area
• Evidence of academic writing skills (a short sample of academic written work of the applicant's choosing (Max 3 pages, A4, font 11)) – please upload in the section entitled Research Proposal

Desirable Criteria

If the University receives a large number of applicants for the project, the following desirable criteria may be applied to shortlist applicants for interview.

• Applicants should hold, or expect to hold a First Class Honours Degree in a relevant subject area
• Work experience relevant to the proposed project
• A demonstrable interest in or experience of using Open Science methods

Equal Opportunities

The University is an equal opportunities employer and welcomes applicants from all sections of the community, particularly from those with disabilities.

Appointment will be made on merit.

Funding and eligibility

This project is funded by:

• Department for the Economy (DfE)
• Vice Chancellor's Research Scholarship (VCRS)

Our fully funded PhD scholarships will cover tuition fees and provide a maintenance allowance of £19,237 (tbc) per annum for three years (subject to satisfactory academic performance).  A Research Training Support Grant (RTSG) of £900 per annum is also available.

These scholarships, funded via the Department for the Economy (DfE) and the Vice Chancellor’s Research Scholarships (VCRS), are open to applicants worldwide, regardless of residency or domicile.

Applicants who already hold a doctoral degree or who have been registered on a programme of research leading to the award of a doctoral degree on a full-time basis for more than one year (or part-time equivalent) are NOT eligible to apply for an award.

Due consideration should be given to financing your studies.