The Feminisation of Sport Migration

Apply and key information  

This project is funded by:

    • Department for the Economy (DfE)
    • Vice Chancellor's Research Scholarship (VCRS)

Summary

Background

With the exception of a handful of studies, research on sports labour migration has focused on the experiences of male athletes. This is incongruous given that migration has become a more entrenched feature of women’s sport, particularly in football. The academic neglect of transnationally mobile female athletes has contributed to an incomplete understanding of the socio-economic, cultural, gendered and in some cases, racialised dynamics that underpin sports migration and the experiences of migrant athletes. Recent work (Darby et al, 2022; 2024 and Agergaard, 2024) has called for this lacuna to be urgently addressed.

This project will examine the motivations, experiences and career trajectories of female transational athletes and how their pursuit and/or production of mobility impacts on their individual and social identities. It is underpinned by the need to consider: host countries’ status in the global/transnational division of labour in women’s sport and global geographies of power; international female athletes as migrant labourers whose experiences are gendered and racialised; how particular local contexts influence the identities, migratory aspirations and subsequent experiences of migration; the gendered and precarious nature of sport as work, and the specific experiences of female transnational sport migrants around belonging and settlement.

Research Design

The project will likely utilise a mixed methods design including, but not limited to, interviews, (non)participation observation, documentary analysis and surveys. We are also open to the use of netnographic and arts-based methods.

Research Objectives

These general objectives should be adapted by applicants to reflect their interests when submitting their research proposal:

  • To explore the transnational sports labour migration of female athletes within one or a range of sports across one or more geopolitical spaces;
  • To examine the impact of migration on the athletes concerned in terms of mobility/immobility, sports performance, precarity, sport as work, belonging and settlement;
  • To analyse how the pursuit and/or acquisition of spatial mobility impacts on female athletes’ individual and social identities.

Skills required

Applicants will possess: a demonstrable specialism in social science, sociology and/or the humanities or a related area; academic performance in these areas, evidenced through a relevant postgraduate qualification, conference presentations and/or peer reviewed publications, and evidence of independent research.

Supplementary skills might include professional or vocational experience of sport and/or labour migration as well as the ability to build relationships within women’s sport and with transnational migrants.

Essential criteria

Applicants should hold, or expect to obtain, a First or Upper Second Class Honours Degree in a subject relevant to the proposed area of study.

We may also consider applications from those who hold equivalent qualifications, for example, a Lower Second Class Honours Degree plus a Master’s Degree with Distinction.

In exceptional circumstances, the University may consider a portfolio of evidence from applicants who have appropriate professional experience which is equivalent to the learning outcomes of an Honours degree in lieu of academic qualifications.

  • Experience using research methods or other approaches relevant to the subject domain
  • Sound understanding of subject area as evidenced by a comprehensive research proposal
  • A comprehensive and articulate personal statement

Desirable Criteria

If the University receives a large number of applicants for the project, the following desirable criteria may be applied to shortlist applicants for interview.

  • First Class Honours (1st) Degree
  • Masters at 65%
  • Work experience relevant to the proposed project
  • Publications - peer-reviewed

Equal Opportunities

The University is an equal opportunities employer and welcomes applicants from all sections of the community, particularly from those with disabilities.

Appointment will be made on merit.

Funding and eligibility

This project is funded by:

  • Department for the Economy (DfE)
  • Vice Chancellor's Research Scholarship (VCRS)

Our fully funded PhD scholarships will cover tuition fees and provide a maintenance allowance of £19,237 (tbc) per annum for three years* (subject to satisfactory academic performance).  A Research Training Support Grant (RTSG) of £900 per annum is also available.

These scholarships, funded via the Department for the Economy (DfE) and the Vice Chancellor’s Research Scholarships (VCRS), are open to applicants worldwide, regardless of residency or domicile.

Applicants who already hold a doctoral degree or who have been registered on a programme of research leading to the award of a doctoral degree on a full-time basis for more than one year (or part-time equivalent) are NOT eligible to apply for an award.

*Part time PhD scholarships may be available, based on 0.5 of the full time rate, and will require a six year registration period (individual project advertisements will note where part time options apply).

Due consideration should be given to financing your studies.

Recommended reading

Adams, R. and Darby, P. (2020) ‘Precarious pursuits, broken “dreams” and immobility among Northern Irish soccer migrants’, Sport in Society. 23 (5): 920-937.

Agergaard, S. (2024) ‘Sport, migration and gender’ in J. Maguire, K. Liston and M. Falcous (eds.) Handbook of Sport and Migration (Edward Elgar Publishing: London, 2024), pp.69-103.

Agergaard, S and Tiesler, N.C. (2014) Women, Soccer and Transnational Migration. London: Routledge.

Agergaard, S. and Ungruhe, C. (2016) ‘Ambivalent Precarity: Career Trajectories and Temporalities in Highly Skilled Sports Labor Migration from West Africa to Northern Europe’, Anthropology of Work Review. 37 (2): 67-78.

Besnier, N. (2015) “Sports Mobilities Across Borders: Postcolonial Perspectives”, The International Journal of the History of Sport. 32 (7): 849-861.

Botelho VL and Agergaard S (2011) Moving for the love of the game? International migration of female footballers into Scandinavian countries. Soccer & Society 12(6): 806–819.

Adams, R. and Darby, P. (2020) ‘Precarious pursuits, broken “dreams” and immobility among Northern Irish soccer migrants’, Sport in Society. 23 (5): 920-937.

Agergaard, S. (2024) ‘Sport, migration and gender’ in J. Maguire, K. Liston and M. Falcous (eds.) Handbook of Sport and Migration (Edward Elgar Publishing: London, 2024), pp.69-103.

Agergaard, S and Tiesler, N.C. (2014) Women, Soccer and Transnational Migration. London: Routledge.

Agergaard, S. and Ungruhe, C. (2016) ‘Ambivalent Precarity: Career Trajectories and Temporalities in Highly Skilled Sports Labor Migration from West Africa to Northern Europe’, Anthropology of Work Review. 37 (2): 67-78.

Besnier, N. (2015) “Sports Mobilities Across Borders: Postcolonial Perspectives”, The International Journal of the History of Sport. 32 (7): 849-861.

Botelho VL and Agergaard S (2011) Moving for the love of the game? International migration of female footballers into Scandinavian countries. Soccer & Society 12(6): 806–819.

Bowes, A. and Culvin, A. (eds.) (2021) The Professionalisation of Women’s Sport: Issues and Debates. Leeds: Emerald Publishing.

Carter, T. (2011) “Re-placing sport migrants: Moving beyond the institutional structures informing international sport migration”, International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 48 (1); 66-82.

Culvin, A. (2023) ‘Football as work: the lived realities of professional footballers in England’, Managing Sport and Leisure. 28 (6): 684-697.

Darby, P, Esson, J and Ungruhe, C., ‘Women’s football and transnational migration in Ghana: Possibilities, Responsibilities, and Respectability’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 59, 5 (2024), pp.747-765.

Engh, M. and Agergaard, S. (2015) “Producing mobility through locality and visibility: developing a transnational perspective on sports labour migration”, International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 50 (8): 974-992.

Engh, M., Settler, F. and Agergaard, S. (2017) “The ball and the rhythm in her blood”: racialised imaginaries and football migration from Nigeria to Scandinavia. Ethnicities 17(1): 66–84.

Liston, K. and Booth, S. (2014) “The Continental Drift to a Zone of Prestige: women’s soccer migration to the US NCAA Division 1 2000-2010”, in Agergaard, S. and Tiesler, N.C. (eds.) Women, Soccer and Transnational Migration. London: Routledge, pp. 53-72.

Liston, K. and Maguire, J. (2021) ‘Globalization, Sport and Gender Relations’, in Maguire, J., Falcous, M. and Liston, K. (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of Globalization and Sport. London: Palgrave, pp.205-228.

Roderick, M., Smith, A. and Potrac, P. (2017) ‘The Sociology of Sports Work, Emotions and Mental Health: Scoping the Field and Future Directions’, Sociology of Sport Journal. 34 (2): 99-107.

Williams, J. (2013) Globalising women’s football: Europe, migration and professionalization (Peter Lang).

The Doctoral College at Ulster University

Key dates

Submission deadline
Monday 24 February 2025
04:00PM

Interview Date
April 2025

Preferred student start date
15 September 2025

Applying

Apply Online  

Contact supervisor

Dr Paul Darby

Other supervisors